Rdswikiadmin: /* Format Disk */

2025-12-21T06:57:07Z

Format Disk

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:57, 21 December 2025
Line 32:		Line 32:
	===Format Disk===		===Format Disk===
	parted /dev/sdc		parted /dev/sdc
	mklabel gpt		mklabel gpt / msdos
	unit TB		unit TB
	mkpart primary 0 -0		mkpart primary 0 -0

Rdswikiadmin: Created page with " ===Burn ISO to USB=== dd if=xxx.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=64K sync ===dd copy continue on errors=== dd if=/dev/sda conv=noerror,sync of=/dev/sdb bs=64K ===ddrescue=== ddrescue -d -f -r3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb -b8192 In this example rescue /dev/sda to /dev/sdb ## No need to partition /dev/sdb beforehand, but if the partition table on /dev/sda ## ## is damaged, you will need to recreate it somehow on /dev/sdb. ## ddrescue -f -n /dev/sda /dev/sdb logfile ddres..."

2025-12-21T06:40:26Z

Created page with " ===Burn ISO to USB=== dd if=xxx.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=64K sync ===dd copy continue on errors=== dd if=/dev/sda conv=noerror,sync of=/dev/sdb bs=64K ===ddrescue=== ddrescue -d -f -r3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb -b8192 In this example rescue /dev/sda to /dev/sdb ## No need to partition /dev/sdb beforehand, but if the partition table on /dev/sda ## ## is damaged, you will need to recreate it somehow on /dev/sdb. ## ddrescue -f -n /dev/sda /dev/sdb logfile ddres..."

New page

===Burn ISO to USB===
dd if=xxx.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=64K
sync

===dd copy continue on errors===
dd if=/dev/sda conv=noerror,sync of=/dev/sdb bs=64K

===ddrescue===

ddrescue -d -f -r3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb -b8192

In this example rescue /dev/sda to /dev/sdb

## No need to partition /dev/sdb beforehand, but if the partition table on /dev/sda ##
## is damaged, you will need to recreate it somehow on /dev/sdb. ##
ddrescue -f -n /dev/sda /dev/sdb logfile
ddrescue -d -f -r3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb logfile

## check for errors ##
fsck -v -f /dev/sdb1
fsck -v -f /dev/sdb2

ddrescue command options;

-f : Overwrite output device or partition.
-n : Do not try to split or retry failed blocks.
-d : Use direct disc access for input file.
-r3 : Exit after given three (3) retries (use -1 as infinity retries).
-b2048 : Sector size of input device [default is set to 512].

===Format Disk===
parted /dev/sdc
mklabel gpt
unit TB
mkpart primary 0 -0

or; mkpart primary 0.00 1.00TB
quit

mkfs.ext4 -L BACKUP2 /dev/sdc1

mkfs.xfs /dev/vm/sme

mkfs.xfs -L 16TB1 /dev/sdc1

===Label===
e2label /dev/sdd1 USB1
tune2fs -L volume-label device
ntfslabel device new-label
xfs_admin -L label device

===Zero===
Zero MBR; dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=446 count=1

Zero MBR + Partition Table; dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=1

Zero MDADM; dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1M count=1024

===Hot remove disk===
umount /dev/sdx

hdparm -Y /dev/sdx

===mdadm repair===
mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sdb3

===mdadm create===
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md3 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

===After creating, SAVE the RAID configuration===
mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

===Mount NTFS===
Read Only;
mount -t ntfs /dev/xxx /mnt/windows -o ro

Read Write;
ntfs-3g /dev/sdaX /mnt/windows

===Add Disk to MDADM===

TEMPPROX:/vm/oldimages# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 7.5G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 7.5G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
├─sda2 8:2 0 488M 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 487.7M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 1.8T 0 part
└─md2 9:2 0 1.8T 0 raid1 /
sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 1.8T 0 part /mnt/BACKUP1

TEMPPROX:~# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Model: ATA WDC WD2003FYYS-0 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 8000MB 7999MB primary boot, raid
2 8000MB 8511MB 512MB primary raid
3 8511MB 2000GB 1992GB primary raid

parted /dev/sdb

mklabel msdos

mkpart primary 1049kB 8000MB

mkpart primary 8000MB 8511MB

mkpart primary 8511MB 2000GB

mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1

mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sdb2

mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --add /dev/sdb3

grub-install /dev/sdb

===Manual Disk swap===

ABPROX:~# smartctl -a /dev/sda
Serial Number: WD-WCAW34414439

ABPROX:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb
Serial Number: WD-WCAW34329788

ABPROX:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1]
960505856 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 2/8 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
499392 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
15616000 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

ABPROX:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 14.9G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 14.9G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
├─sda2 8:2 0 488M 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 487.7M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 916.1G 0 part
└─md2 9:2 0 916G 0 raid1 /
sdb 8:16 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 14.9G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 14.9G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
├─sdb2 8:18 0 488M 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 487.7M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb3 8:19 0 916.1G 0 part
└─md2 9:2 0 916G 0 raid1 /
sdc 8:32 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 1.8T 0 part /mnt/backups

mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1

mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sda2
mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sda2

mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sda3
mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/sda3

sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk_sdb.output

ABPROX:~# cat sfdisk_sdb.output
# partition table of /dev/sdb
unit: sectors

/dev/sdb1 : start= 2048, size= 31248384, Id=fd, bootable
/dev/sdb2 : start= 31250432, size= 999424, Id=fd
/dev/sdb3 : start= 32249856, size=1921273856, Id=fd
/dev/sdb4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0

sfdisk /dev/sda < sfdisk_sdb.output

mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1

mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sda2

mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3

ABPROX:~# sfdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0

Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 0+ 1945- 1946- 15624192 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda2 1945+ 2007- 63- 499712 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda3 2007+ 121601- 119594- 960636928 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

ABPROX:~# sfdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0

Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 0+ 1945- 1946- 15624192 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2 1945+ 2007- 63- 499712 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb3 2007+ 121601- 119594- 960636928 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

---------------------------------
HowTo; write the GRUB boot sector
dd if=/dev/sdb2 of=/dev/sda2

grub-install /dev/sda

grub2-install /dev/sdb

=== FreePBX RAID recovered ===

https://help-grub.gnu.narkive.com/tNbK14Jv/grub2-install-couldn-t-find-physical-volume-null
grub2-install: warning: Couldn't find physical volume `(null)'. Some modules may be missing from core image.
I think I know what happens. Did you reboot after MD was resynced? If not, please try

blockdev --flushbufs /dev/sda1

blockdev --flushbufs /dev/sdb1

grub2-install /dev/sda

grub2-install /dev/sdb

Disk Maintenance - Revision history

Rdswikiadmin: /* Format Disk */